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Almost half of all jobs in the San Francisco Bay Area are "remote-eligible” – more than any other metropolitan area in the United States, due to the high concentration of employees in the technology sector who were early to embrace teleworking at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. Any significant share of these tech workers staying remote may have profound long-term impacts on aggregate travel patterns in the region. This research seeks to predict the magnitude of these impacts and derive insights about the newly learned behaviors of tech workers, as indicative of remote-eligible workers in general. A survey of over 660 tech workers ran from November 2021 to March 2022, asking about participants' employers and remote work policies, commute details and mode preferences, non-work trips, and interest in relocation. Respondents expected employer-driven hybrid arrangements of 2–3 days per week in the office after the pandemic, which in turn dictated the number of predicted future commuting trips and suppressed interest in relocation. Though almost half of respondents expressed interest in moving, they only planned to move a median of 20.93 miles – staying within the region but shifting away from their offices and towards less dense and more automobile-oriented suburban neighborhoods. Additionally, those moving more than ten miles from their office are likely to switch to less sustainable travel modes. On the other hand, robust observed retention of online shopping habits for groceries and food delivery may mitigate the added vehicle trips caused by rebound effects. © 2023 The Author(s)
ABSTRACT
We presented a case of a 32-week pregnant woman with coronavirus disease 2019 and tuberculosis delivering a healthy baby. She was treated with antituberculosis and other symptomatic treatments, and the nucleic acid test;the sputum tuberculosis bacterial smear turned negative;and the symptoms were significantly relieved. © Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began to spread, it remains pandemic worldwide. The European Medicines Agency's human medicines committee and Food and Drug Administration have only granted a conditional marketing authorization for remdesivir to treat COVID-19. It is essential to apply other valuable treatments. Convalescent plasma (CP), donated by persons who have recovered from COVID-19, is the cellular component of blood that contains specific antibodies. Therefore, to determine the feasibility of CP for COVID-19, the effectiveness and controversy are discussed in depth here. It is suggested that CP plays a certain role in the treatment of COVID-19. As a treatment, it may have its own indications and contraindications, which need to be further discussed. Meanwhile, it is critical to establish a standard procedure for treatment from CP collection, preservation, transport, to transfusion, and conduct some large sample randomized controlled trials to confirm the transfusion dosage, appropriate time, frequency, and actively prevent adverse outcomes that may occur. © 2022 Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Inc.. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Smart homecare utilises advanced technologies to support, improve and promote remote healthcare in homes and communities through collecting and analysing health data and sharing this knowledge with carers and clinicians. With the continuous growth in the world’s older population, smart homecare becomes increasingly crucial in providing in-home care for older adults, allowing the vital healthcare dollars to go further into other critical care needs. In addition, with the rise in the development and utilisation of innovative technologies in healthcare settings, it is vital to ensure that these technologies are guided and approved by the corresponding regulatory bodies such as FDA (Foods and Drug Administration) in the USA and TGA (Therapeutic Good Administration) in Australia. With this premise, this paper identifies four dimensions for researchers to consider when developing smart homecare solutions for in-home remote care: Technology, Data, People, and Operational Environment. The essential interplays amongst these four dimensions are discussed to identify the various enablers and barriers in the successful delivery of smart homecare solutions. As the primary output of this paper, it proposes a conceptual framework to achieve practical in-home care for the older population living independently with the support of technology, while addressing the challenges such as security and privacy of patient data. Secondly, a comprehensive and practical guide featuring seven phases is presented to support and direct researchers in implementing smart homecare solutions for remote care. The proposed framework and the guide aim to make smart homecare research practical and truly translational into broader practice. Author
ABSTRACT
Laboratory experiments have revealed the meteorological sensitivity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus. However, no consensus has been reached about how outdoor meteorological conditions modulate the virus transmission as it is also constrained by non-meteorological conditions. Here, we identify the outbreak's evolution stage, constrained least by non-meteorological conditions, by searching the maximum correlation coefficient between the ultraviolet flux and the growth rate of cumulative confirmed cases at the country level. At this least-constrained stage, the cumulative cases count around 1300-3200, and the count's daily growth rate correlates with the ultraviolet flux and temperature significantly (correlation coefficients r = -0.54 +/- 0.09 and -0.39 +/- 0.10 at p<0.01$$ p, respectively), but not with precipitation, humidity, and wind. The ultraviolet correlation exhibits a delay of about 7 days, providing a meteorological measure of the incubation period. Our work reveals a seasonality of COVID-19 and a high risk of a pandemic resurgence in winter, implying a need for seasonal adaption in public policies.
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Background and aims: COVID-19 pandemic is affecting triage of strokes in emergency. We aimed to find whether COVID-19 delayed the reperfusion treatment in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods: The Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) is a regional network that prospectively registries AIS patients within 7 days. Data with COVID- 19 negetive was extracted from January 2018 to December 2020. Compared to quality measures in 2018-2019, the performance during COVID- 19 outbreak (mainly during 1st quarter of 2020) and post were analyzed. The primary outcome was door to needle time (DTN). The secondary outcomes included the rate of reperfusion treatment and hospitalization cost. Results: Our study included 69,258 patients from 64 stroke centers. During 1st quarter 2018 to 4th quarter 2019, there was an overall downward trend of DTN (P trend=0.006). However, during 1st and 2nd quarters 2020, there was a significant delay of DTN. After outbreak in China, the average DTN plus mandatory COVID-19 PCR test dropped back to <60 minutes. The drop of reperfusion rate was also associated to COVID-19 outbreak (57.92% pre vs 51.74% during, P<0.001), while improved after, compared to those of previous(57.92% pre vs 62.32% post, P<0.001). The cost was slightly declined in 1st quarter 2020 (-$125 USD), which reflected changes in reperfusion rates. Conclusions: In 2020, COVID-19 pandemic prolonged the DTN during COVID-19 outbreak but improved after in Shanghai. Although the prevention protocol and PCR test are still in place, acute stroke care in Shanghai has back to normal post pandemic. (Figure Presented).
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Background: COVID-19-infection manifestations range from asymptomatic infection to multi-organ failure and death. Cardiovascular complications from COVID -19 include myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure. Population-level data is lacking on the relationship between COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications. Objectives: To examine the incidence of myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF) after COVID-19 infection. Methods: We used a retrospective cohort study using deidentified data from 50 health systems across the United States. Cohort groups were created using patients ≥18, who were admitted to hospitals for respiratory illness with COVID in 2020 and respiratory illness without COVID-19 for the years 2020 and 2019. There were 107,699 patients with COVID;77,499 patients with respiratory illness in 2020, and 112,898 patients with respiratory illness in 2019. The COVID group was matched to each of the respiratory illness groups by propensity score. Patients with prior specific cardiovascular events were excluded for the correspondent outcome analysis. Our outcomes were: myocarditis, AMI, HF. Results: In the COVID-19 group, 79 patients had new-onset myocarditis compared to 29 patients in the non-COVID-19 control (Pneumonia/flu) group (OR 2.73, CI 95%, 1.78-4.18). In the COVID- 19 group, 1512 patients developed HF compared to 2,659 patients in the non-COVID-19 group, (OR 0.49, CI 95%, 0.46-0.52). 1125 patients in COVID-19 group had AMI compared to 1243 patients in non-COVID-19 group (OR 0.87, CI 95 %, 0.80-0.94). Conclusion: COVID-19 was associated with a high risk of incident myocarditis but unexpectedly lower rates of HF diagnosis, suggesting possible under testing (e.g., 2-D ECHO) and underdiagnosis.
ABSTRACT
The restrictive measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have triggered sudden massive changes to travel behaviors of people all around the world. This study examines the individual mobility patterns for all transport modes (walk, bicycle, motorcycle, car driven alone, car driven in company, bus, subway, tram, train, airplane) before and during the restrictions adopted in ten countries on six continents: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the United States. This cross-country study also aims at understanding the predictors of protective behaviors related to the transport sector and COVID-19. Findings hinge upon an online survey conducted in May 2020 (N = 9,394). The empirical results quantify tremendous disruptions for both commuting and non-commuting travels, highlighting substantial reductions in the frequency of all types of trips and use of all modes. In terms of potential virus spread, airplanes and buses are perceived to be the riskiest transport modes, while avoidance of public transport is consistently found across the countries. According to the Protection Motivation Theory, the study sheds new light on the fact that two indicators, namely income inequality, expressed as Gini index, and the reported number of deaths due to COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants, aggravate respondents' perceptions. This research indicates that socio-economic inequality and morbidity are not only related to actual health risks, as well documented in the relevant literature, but also to the perceived risks. These findings document the global impact of the COVID-19 crisis as well as provide guidance for transportation practitioners in developing future strategies.